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Mission Zamora is an integrated land reform and land redistribution program in Venezuela, created in law by the ''Ley de Tierras'' ("Law of Land"), part of a package of 49 decrees made by Hugo Chávez in November 2001. The plan is named in honor of Ezequiel Zamora, a 19th-century Venezuelan peasant leader. == Background == Venezuela's rural areas have seen substantial economic disinvestment, governmental neglect, depopulation, and abandonment ever since oil wealth was discovered in the early 20th century; as a consequence Venezuela now has an urbanization rate of more than 85% — among the highest in Latin America — and is, despite its vast tracts of highly fertile soil and arable land, a net food importer. The ''Ley de Tierras'' — "Law of the Lands" — was passed by presidential decree in November 2001; it included the creation of Plan Zamora to implement land reforms, including redistribution, in Venezuelan agriculture. The plan was created for several pressing reasons: to stimulate the agricultural sector in Venezuela in order to provide food security to the country (the only net food importer in Latin America) and more economic activity, to break up the concentrated economic power of the ''latifundios'' (75-80% of land owned by 5% of landowners, 2% owned 60% of farmland;〔Seth DeLong, (Land Reform in Venezuela ), ''CounterPunch'', February 26/27 2005 〕 60% of agricultors do not possess any land 〔Maurice Lemoine, (Venezuela: the promise of land for the people ), ''Le Monde diplomatique'', October 2003 ///〕) and redistribute wealth to the poor in Venezuela, and to discourage urbanization, which creates heavy burdens on city services in the slums of Caracas and other Venezuelan cities. Underutilized or unused private corporate and agricultural estates would now be subject to expropriation after "fair-market" compensation was paid to the owners. Inheritable, inalienable, and at times communal land grants were also gifted to small farmers and farmer's collectives. The rationale given for this program was that it would provide incentives for the eventual and gradual repopulation of the countryside and provide "food security" for the country by lessening the present dependence on foreign imports. There are three types of land that may be distributed under the program: # government land, # land that is claimed by private owners, but whose claims the government disputes (including centennially inherited land) # and underutilized private land (including second homes, and investment property). To date, the Chávez government has only distributed the first two types of land. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mission Zamora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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